See chaungen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "coeng³",
"word": "唱"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"word": "sczeńdżowac"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "change"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheenge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chinge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheynge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:chaunger<ety:der<fro:changier>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"exchange\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bent, crooked\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(s)ḱh₂embos\", \"gloss\" : \"crooked\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"to arc\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kh₂em-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*kambos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Gaulish\", \"term\" : \"cambion\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-gau\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"verb-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambiāre\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"changier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"chaunger\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"chaungen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"chaungen\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "chaungier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman chaungier",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "changier"
},
"expansion": "Old French changier",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "cambio",
"4": "cambiāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin cambiāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "cambion",
"4": "",
"5": "change"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish cambion (“change”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chaunge",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "change"
},
"expansion": "chaunge (“change”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman chaungier, chaunger and continental Old French changier, from Latin cambiāre, from Gaulish cambion (“change”); equivalent to chaunge (“change”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaungeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to chaungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chawnge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chawngyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaynge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chonge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schaunche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chaungen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "chaung"
},
"expansion": "chaungen (third-person singular simple present chaungeth, present participle chaungende, chaungynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chaunged)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chaung",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 13 13 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 14 13 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To change in opinion or emotion."
],
"id": "en-chaungen-enm-verb-tDgnU5WV",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 13 13 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 14 13 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To alter or transmogrify; to change in entirety."
],
"id": "en-chaungen-enm-verb-ipAC6m9z",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"alter",
"alter"
],
[
"transmogrify",
"transmogrify"
],
[
"entirety",
"entirety"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 13 13 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 14 13 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To replace or swap; to substitute for another."
],
"id": "en-chaungen-enm-verb-zy753j-N",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"replace",
"replace"
],
[
"swap",
"swap"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 13 13 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 14 13 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To move; to change (in) location."
],
"id": "en-chaungen-enm-verb-b~i20LEL",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"location",
"location"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 13 13 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 14 13 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To deteriorate or impair."
],
"id": "en-chaungen-enm-verb-gDF2QZ0T",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
],
[
"deteriorate",
"deteriorate"
],
[
"impair",
"impair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"(physiology) To deteriorate or impair."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"physiology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 20 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 13 22 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 20 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 13 13 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 14 13 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To change clothing or outfit."
],
"id": "en-chaungen-enm-verb-5li-wft9",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
],
[
"outfit",
"outfit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"(rare) To change clothing or outfit."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 13 13 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 14 13 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 1 1 95 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To exchange or trade (especially money)"
],
"id": "en-chaungen-enm-verb-NlajvfXZ",
"links": [
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 13 13 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 14 13 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be different; to differ."
],
"id": "en-chaungen-enm-verb-l4xzQLIO",
"links": [
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"differ",
"differ"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To be different; to differ."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃau̯nd͡ʒən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃaːnd͡ʒən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃand͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔnd͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"Anglian",
"East",
"Kentish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃæi̯nd͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"Western"
]
}
],
"word": "chaungen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Gaulish",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kh₂em-",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"enm:Money"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "coeng³",
"word": "唱"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"word": "sczeńdżowac"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "change"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheenge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chinge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheynge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:chaunger<ety:der<fro:changier>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"exchange\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bent, crooked\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(s)ḱh₂embos\", \"gloss\" : \"crooked\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"to arc\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kh₂em-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*kambos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Gaulish\", \"term\" : \"cambion\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-gau\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"verb-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambiāre\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"changier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"chaunger\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"chaungen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"chaungen\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "chaungier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman chaungier",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "changier"
},
"expansion": "Old French changier",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "cambio",
"4": "cambiāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin cambiāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "cambion",
"4": "",
"5": "change"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish cambion (“change”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chaunge",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "change"
},
"expansion": "chaunge (“change”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman chaungier, chaunger and continental Old French changier, from Latin cambiāre, from Gaulish cambion (“change”); equivalent to chaunge (“change”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaungeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to chaungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunged",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaungie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chawnge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chawngyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaynge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chonge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schaunche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chaungen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "chaung"
},
"expansion": "chaungen (third-person singular simple present chaungeth, present participle chaungende, chaungynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chaunged)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chaung",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To change in opinion or emotion."
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To alter or transmogrify; to change in entirety."
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"alter",
"alter"
],
[
"transmogrify",
"transmogrify"
],
[
"entirety",
"entirety"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To replace or swap; to substitute for another."
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"replace",
"replace"
],
[
"swap",
"swap"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To move; to change (in) location."
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"location",
"location"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Physiology"
],
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To deteriorate or impair."
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
],
[
"deteriorate",
"deteriorate"
],
[
"impair",
"impair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"(physiology) To deteriorate or impair."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"physiology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"To change clothing or outfit."
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
],
[
"outfit",
"outfit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To change or vary; to become or make different:",
"(rare) To change clothing or outfit."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To exchange or trade (especially money)"
],
"links": [
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To be different; to differ."
],
"links": [
[
"different",
"different"
],
[
"differ",
"differ"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To be different; to differ."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃau̯nd͡ʒən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃaːnd͡ʒən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃand͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔnd͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"Anglian",
"East",
"Kentish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃæi̯nd͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"Western"
]
}
],
"word": "chaungen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chaungen meaning in Middle English (12.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (b70b34c and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.